Office of the President Republic of China(Taiwan)

On the morning of December 5, President Lai Ching-te attended the opening of the 23rd Asian Pacific Congress of Nephrology held in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the Taiwan Society of Nephrology. In remarks, President Lai stated that renal disease has become a major challenge for global public health and pointed out that Taiwan is taking active steps for comprehensive reform, from prevention, integrated care, and drug policy to the development of home dialysis content. He expressed hope that Taiwan can deepen engagement with other countries in research, clinical practice, and policy so that Taiwan can become a key force for promoting kidney health in the region and make greater contributions to global health. A transcript of President Lai’s remarks follows: The Asian Pacific Congress of Nephrology is the most influential international gathering in our specialty in the Asia-Pacific region. It is significant that Taiwan is hosting this congress again after 25 years. I extend a warm welcome to the many leaders in medicine from around the world joining us here in Taiwan. And I especially want to give sincere thanks to the APSN [Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology] and TSN [Taiwan Society of Nephrology] for organizing this meeting. Renal disease has become a major challenge for global public health. In fact, the WHO [World Health Organization] recently adopted a global resolution that includes CKD [chronic kidney disease]. There are currently about 90,000 people who receive dialysis treatment in Taiwan, with related expenses estimated at 1.5 billion US Dollars for this year. This directly impacts the health, well-being, and quality of life of our citizens. As a nephrologist myself, I know that kidney health is one of the pillars of health and happiness for our people. The theme of this year’s congress is “Link the Future Kidney Health with GIVE.” It calls for addressing kidney health issues from the perspectives of genetics, immunology, vast data analytics, metabolic science, and sustainability. And through the exchange of experiences, it aims for scientific results to be transformed into safeguards for people’s health. Taiwan has had many significant clinical and research results in nephrology over the past several years. We have already shifted from a focus on treatment to prevention, and we are continuing to expand community screening and health education.   Here, I want to give special thanks to the nephrology community in Taiwan. Working closely and over many years with the APSN and ISN [International Society of Nephrology], they have shared Taiwan’s experience in dialysis quality, integrated care for CKD, and cooperation across specialties. This has helped to enhance the professional capabilities of medicine in Taiwan. In addition to efforts in the private sector, Taiwan has also actively promoted prevention and treatment of renal disease on the policy side. This includes provision of free health exams for adults and encouragement for early screenings. As we know, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for conditions such as renal disease. That is why last year we launched the 888 Program for the prevention and treatment of the three highs. The program helps people discover issues in the early stages and improve their health through management and intervention. This March we also expanded coverage for SGLT-2 inhibitors in the treatment of CKD, in the hope that by attacking the problem from multiple angles, we can reduce the disease incidence rate and slow progression. Taiwan’s age-standardized incidence rate of dialysis decreased from 318 per million in 2005 to 290 per million in 2022. Growth rates for patient visits and total medical expenses have also shown a downward trend. We will continue our efforts to ensure that renal disease prevention and treatment strategies achieve better and better results. I am also honored to share with everyone today the newly released Taiwan Home Dialysis White Paper for 2026 to 2035. Special thanks go to the TSN, our Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the ISPD [International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis] for their professional contributions. This publication signifies that Taiwan has moved beyond hospital-only treatment, and is integrating medical care into homes and communities. We are making progress toward our goals of human-centered care, healthy aging, and sustainable healthcare. We will do our utmost to realize the vision put forth in the white paper, working with international healthcare organizations like the ISPD and the International Home Dialysis Consortium to enable even more patients to safely receive dialysis at home, enhancing their quality of life. Our goal is to achieve a home dialysis prevalence of 18 percent by 2035. We have always believed that a healthier Taiwan can drive a healthier Asia-Pacific. I hope that through this congress, Taiwan can deepen engagement with other countries in research, clinical practice, and policy. I also hope that Taiwan can become a key force for promoting kidney health in the region, and that we can all work together to make greater contributions to global health. Thank you once again to the organizers. I wish this conference great success. Thank you all.  Also in attendance at the event were International Society of Nephrology President Marcello Tonelli, International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis President Rajnish Mehrotra, and Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology President-elect Hyeong Cheon Park.

On the morning of December 4, President Lai Ching-te attended the opening of the Taiwan Medical Association (TMA)’s International Symposium on Transforming Healthcare – Universal Health Coverage, AI, Green Healthcare and Collaborative Healthcare System. In remarks, President Lai stated that creating a Healthy Taiwan is one of the nation’s major policy goals, and that the government will continue to actively participate in global health governance, expand medical technology exchanges, promote the development of smart healthcare, build consensus on medical ethics, and develop resilient healthcare in the context of climate change. The president said that these efforts aim to keep Taiwanese healthcare current and our people healthy, and that Taiwan is ready and willing to make even greater contributions to the world. A transcript of President Lai’s remarks follows: The World Medical Association (WMA) is one of the world’s leading professional organizations for healthcare. With 118 constituent members, it is profoundly influential in international healthcare ethics, empowerment for the healthcare community, and global health policy. Taiwan is honored to co-host this 2025 Open Expert Meeting with the WMA. We welcome our distinguished guests from around the world, and wish you all fruitful discussions. I would also like to acknowledge the WMA’s long-time support for Taiwan. In 2021, it formally passed a resolution supporting Taiwan’s participation in the World Health Assembly (WHA) and World Health Organization. And every year before the WHA, it issues a public statement in support of Taiwan. For this, I want to express deepest thanks on behalf of the people of Taiwan. I also want to thank the TMA for continuing to increase Taiwan’s visibility in healthcare and expand our global links through international cooperation. These efforts help the world recognize Taiwan’s professional excellence, future-oriented approach, and humanitarian values in the field. As a physician myself, I understand how important a strong healthcare system is for our people, national security, and social resilience. With challenges such as an aging population, the growing burden of chronic diseases, and epidemic threat, creating a Healthy Taiwan is one of our major policy goals. We must take steps to advance and transform healthcare. Our policies aim to keep Taiwanese healthcare current and our people healthy. First, we initiated a healthcare policy transformation, using digital technology and AI to build a smart health system for all ages and settings, offering early warnings and timely intervention. This will help Taiwan shift from a healthcare model focused on disease treatment to one focused on prevention and health promotion. The era of AI is here, so we are also leading ten new AI infrastructure initiatives. With enhanced AI, cybersecurity, and data governance, we are establishing a national cybersecurity system for healthcare, promoting medical information exchange standards, and setting up a verification and accountability system for AI applications. This will help us build a secure, interconnected, and trustworthy smart healthcare environment. Our applications of AI have already shown promising initial results in areas from international epidemic monitoring, the My Health Bank personal health records service, and home-based care, to telemedicine, assistive technology, and our primary care platform. In view of the global trend toward net-zero emissions, our government has already begun to discuss incorporating sustainable development into hospital accreditation, and is proactively assisting medical institutions with saving energy, net zero, and green transformation. Many of us here are invested in the use of health databases and biobanks, which are crucial to advancing the biotech industry. In recent years, Taiwan has been working on legal amendments to support this sector. Our National Infectious Diseases Bank, which will be completed next year, will help further promote cooperation and exchanges in biotech between Taiwan and other countries. We will continue to actively participate in global health governance and work with the WMA to expand medical technology exchanges, promote the development of smart healthcare, build consensus on medical ethics, and develop resilient healthcare in the context of climate change. I would like to once again thank you all for supporting Taiwan and promoting deeper cooperation between Taiwan and the international community. Taiwan is happy to share our experience with the world, conduct joint research, and invest in and train talent. We are ready and willing to stand with the international community in the face of global health challenges, and make even greater contributions to the world. Let’s keep working together for a brighter future. I wish everyone good health and success in all your endeavors. Thank you. Also in attendance at the event were WMA President Jacqueline Kitulu, Council Chair Jack Resneck, Jr., and Secretary General Otmar Kloiber.  

On the afternoon of September 4, President Lai Ching-te presided over the fifth meeting of the Healthy Taiwan Promotion Committee. In his opening statement, President Lai said that AI is an important key to Taiwan’s continued leadership in future technological trends. The president expressed hope for strong collaboration between Taiwan’s AI high-tech and biomedical industries, which will not only help both industries grow, but will also significantly improve the quality of medical care services. Noting that Taiwan is facing the challenges of a super-aged society, a surge in chronic diseases, and extreme weather and climate change, President Lai said that Taiwan must initiate a policy transformation in healthcare, leverage digital technology and AI, and transform and upgrade its healthcare system from a disease treatment model to a prevention and health promotion model. He expressed hope for keeping up the hard work to gradually achieve the goals of Healthy Taiwan. A translation of President Lai’s remarks follows: The Healthy Taiwan Promotion Committee has now been operating for a full year. I am very grateful to the deputy conveners, advisors, and committee members for their active participation over the past year, ensuring more effective implementation of cross-disciplinary and public-private collaboration. I also want to thank the Executive Yuan for its support and the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) for its efforts to integrate the strengths of multiple government ministries and agencies, working methodically to carry out tasks related to Healthy Taiwan. Following adjustments to the Executive Yuan team, Executive Yuan Secretary-General Chang Tun-han (張惇涵) and Minister of Health and Welfare Shih Chung-liang (石崇良) will now serve as the executive secretaries of this committee, and due to reassignments at the National Development Council (NDC), NDC Minister Yeh Chun-hsien (葉俊顯) will now serve as a committee member. Secretary-General Chang is quite familiar with communication between the Presidential Office and Executive Yuan. Efficient and decisive in his work, he can accelerate policy implementation. Minister Shih has extensive administrative experience, as well as medical expertise and public communication skills. Minister Yeh has a firm grasp of domestic industrial policy, and is adept at policy analysis. During the pandemic, these two gentlemen laid a solid foundation for Taiwan’s disease prevention efforts and provided excellent solutions regarding relief policy. In addition, Committee Member Shen Ching-fen (沈靜芬) became the director general of the Health Promotion Administration last month and has resigned from the committee. We thank Director General Shen for her efforts on the committee, and hope that under the leadership of Minister Shih and Director General Shen, the core concepts of health promotion are reflected in policies and practiced in everyday life. National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) Superintendent Yu Chong-jen (余忠仁) is now succeeding her as a member of the committee, although he is unable to attend today’s meeting. At NTUH, Superintendent Yu pioneered the Patient-centered Seamless Transition and Referral System that links over 500 community-based healthcare facilities in a shared care network that integrates hospitals and communities. He also made many contributions during his tenure as superintendent of the Hsinchu Branch of NTUH (now NTUH Hsin-Chu Branch). I am confident that Committee Member Yu will provide many valuable suggestions regarding tiered healthcare and hospital accreditation. This slight adjustment to the committee membership will strengthen communication and interaction among various specializations, which I believe will help realize our national policy vision for a Healthy Taiwan more quickly. In addition to a status report on items listed from the previous meeting, today’s agenda features two reports from the MOHW, one regarding the integration of smart medicine into healthcare, and the other on promoting innovation and development in Taiwan’s biomedical industry. AI is the “magic sword” of the new era and an important key to Taiwan’s continued leadership in future technological trends. I believe that as long as there is close collaboration between Taiwan’s AI high-tech and biomedical industries, not only will both industries grow, but they will also significantly improve the quality of medical care services. Taiwan is facing the challenges of a super-aged society, a surge in chronic diseases, and extreme weather and climate change. We must initiate a policy transformation in healthcare, leverage digital technology and AI, and create a smart healthcare system that covers all ages and all domains, provides early warnings, and can intervene to manage healthcare situations in a timely manner. That will enable Taiwan to transform and upgrade its healthcare system from a disease treatment model to a prevention and health promotion model. Now, we must keep up the hard work and gradually achieve our goals. Thank you. Following his statement, President Lai heard a status report on items listed from the fourth committee meeting, a report on the integration of smart medicine into healthcare from Minister Shih, who is also the committee’s executive secretary, and a report on promoting innovation and development in Taiwan’s biomedical industry from MOHW Taiwan Food and Drug Administration Director-General Chiang Chih-kang (姜至剛). Afterward, President Lai exchanged views with the committee members regarding the content of the reports.

On the afternoon of May 22, President Lai Ching-te presided over the fourth meeting of the Healthy Taiwan Promotion Committee. In his opening statement, the president emphasized that building a Healthy Taiwan requires inter-ministerial collaboration and public-private cooperation, and that even more, it requires full public participation to keep people healthy and make the nation stronger so that the world embraces Taiwan. President Lai indicated that promotional efforts for the government’s policies have already been elevated to a cooperative endeavor involving the entire government through a division of labor, continuously expanding whole-of-society participation, noting that the task for the next phase is to achieve public consensus. Looking ahead, he said, the government will promote sports and athletics among citizens through four main strategies: creating the right social climate, building a supportive physical environment, enhancing people’s awareness of self-health, and integrating information systems. The president stated that through inter-ministerial collaboration, we will create a comprehensive health education support system so that health is an everyday habit. A translation of President Lai’s opening statement follows: Today is the fourth meeting of the Healthy Taiwan Promotion Committee. The day before yesterday, Vice President Bi-khim Hsiao and I completed one year in office. I want to thank the three deputy conveners and all of our advisors and committee members for their efforts and dedication regarding various health policies since the committee’s first meeting last August. On the 27th of last month, we also helped our friends in the medical community learn about the Healthy Taiwan Promotion Committee’s achievements, the government’s current policies, and our goals going forward at the 2025 Healthy Taiwan national forum. I want everyone to know that whether it is today’s committee, the National Climate Change Committee, or the Whole-of-Society Defense Resilience Committee, over the past year, we have worked to implement the spirit of inter-departmental, cross-disciplinary, and public-private collaboration. Currently, the discussions and promotional efforts for various policies have shifted from individual departments performing their respective duties to a cooperative division of labor involving the entire government, continuously expanding whole-of-society participation. In the next phase, our task is to achieve public consensus. We need to actively initiate campaigns that the public can participate in, promoting awareness and concepts that everyone should have, so that the ideas and practices that promote better health, respond to climate change, and boost whole-of-society defense resilience can be integrated into people’s lives. When policies have a palpable impact and public participation, working together, we can achieve the goals set by each committee. For example, last year at the first meeting, we set a Healthy Taiwan goal to increase the average life expectancy of the public from 79 years to 82 years within 8 years, and reduce time spent living with illness or disability from 10 percent to 8 percent of the average life expectancy. To achieve that goal, we must integrate the strengths of various ministries and agencies, establish a comprehensive sports network, and promote regular exercise habits for people of all ages nationwide. By 2030, we aim to increase the number of physically active people by 15 percent compared to 2021, thereby extending the average healthy lifespan of our citizens. The World Health Organization (WHO) has indicated that insufficient physical activity is one of the four main risk factors leading to non-communicable diseases, and that regular physical activity has significant benefits for both physical and mental health. But according to Taiwan’s 2021 National Health Interview Survey, more than half of the population does not meet the WHO’s recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week. We must implement various policies to enhance the willingness of people of all ages to engage in physical activity. Therefore, at today’s meeting, in addition to hearing a report by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) on the status of certain items listed in the third committee meeting, we have also specially invited the MOHW to deliver a report on promoting sports and athletics to drive citizen health, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) to deliver a report on courses and teaching activities regarding health promotion for schools at the high school level and below. As I mentioned earlier, promotional efforts for our policies have already been elevated to a cooperative endeavor involving the entire government through a division of labor. Today’s report from the MOHW incorporates plans from the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, MOE, and Ministry of Labor, along with guidance from Committee Member Chien Wen-jen (簡文仁) and the Executive Yuan prior to the meeting. Looking ahead, the government will promote sports and athletics among citizens through four main strategies: creating the right social climate, building a supportive physical environment, enhancing people’s awareness of self-health, and integrating information systems. In addition, education is the foundation and key to cultivating healthy citizens. By establishing correct health concepts from a young age, developing healthy behaviors that meet individual needs, and forming good habits, the likelihood of maintaining routine exercise in adulthood increases significantly. In a few minutes, the MOE will deliver a report on helping children understand the importance of health through health-promotion courses and incorporating that understanding into their daily habits through practical and situational education. In the future, through inter-ministerial collaboration and comprehensive campus health promotion policies, as well as close engagement with families and communities, we will create a comprehensive health education support system so that health is not just something people learn about from books, but an everyday habit. I want to emphasize that building a Healthy Taiwan requires inter-ministerial collaboration and public-private cooperation. Even more, it requires full public participation to keep people healthy and make the nation stronger so that the world embraces Taiwan. Taiwan’s various health policies and medical and public health experiences can help promote exchanges and cooperation with the world. As we meet today, Minister of Health and Welfare Chiu Tai-yuan (邱泰源) is leading a World Health Assembly action team to conduct professional medical and public health exchanges in Geneva. These exchanges not only demonstrate to the world Taiwan’s extensive soft power in the medical and public health fields, but also tell the international community that if Taiwan is permitted to participate in WHO-related activities, we can definitely contribute even more to the international medical and public health system. Once again, I want to thank all the advisors and committee members for working together with the government. I also hope that after listening to the reports, you can provide expert opinions from the perspectives of your various fields for the reference of government agencies, so that together, we can raise health management awareness among the public and work together to achieve our vision of a Healthy Taiwan. Thank you. Following his statement, President Lai heard a report on the progress of certain items listed in the third committee meeting from Deputy Executive Secretary and National Health Insurance Administration Director General Shih Chung-liang (石崇良), a report on promoting sports and athletics to drive citizen health from Deputy Minister of Health and Welfare Chou Jih-haw (周志浩), and a report on courses and teaching activities regarding health promotion for schools at the high school level and below from Political Deputy Minister of Education Chang Liao Wan-chien (張廖萬堅). Afterward, President Lai exchanged views with the committee members regarding the content of the reports.

On April 10, an article penned by President Lai Ching-te entitled “Taiwan Has a Roadmap for Deeper US Trade Ties” was published by Bloomberg News, explaining to a global audience Taiwan’s strategy on trade with the United States, as well as how Taiwan will engage in dialogue with the aim of removing bilateral trade barriers, increasing investment between Taiwan and the US, and reducing tariffs to zero. The following is the full text of President Lai’s article: Last month, the first of Taiwan’s 66 new F-16Vs rolled off the assembly line in Greenville, South Carolina. Signed during President Donald Trump’s first term, the $8 billion deal stands as a testament to American ingenuity and leadership in advanced manufacturing. Beyond its economic impact – creating thousands of well-paying jobs across the US – it strengthens the foundations of peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific.  This deal is emblematic of the close interests shared between Taiwan and the US. Our bond is forged by an unwavering belief in freedom and liberty. For decades, our two countries have stood shoulder-to-shoulder in deterring communist expansionism. Even as Beijing intensifies its air force and naval exercises in our vicinity, we remain resolute. Taiwan will always be a bastion of democracy and peace in the region. This partnership extends well beyond the security realm. Though home to just 23 million people, Taiwan has in recent years become a significant investor in America. TSMC recently announced it will raise its total investment in the US to $165 billion – an initiative that will create 40,000 construction jobs and tens of thousands more in advanced chip manufacturing and R&D. This investment will bolster the emergence of a new high-tech cluster in Arizona. Taiwan is committed to strengthening bilateral cooperation in manufacturing and innovation. As a trade-dependent economy, our long-term success is built on trade relationships that are fair, reciprocal and mutually beneficial. Encouraging Taiwanese businesses to expand their global footprint, particularly in the US, is a vital part of this strategy. Deepening commercial ties between Taiwanese and American firms is another. These core principles will guide our response to President Trump’s reciprocal tariffs. First, we will seek to restart trade negotiations with a common objective of reducing all tariffs between Taiwan and the US. While Taiwan already maintains low tariffs, with an average nominal rate of 6%, we are willing to further cut this rate to zero on the basis of reciprocity with the US. By removing the last vestiges to free and fair trade, we seek to encourage greater trade and investment flows between our two countries. Second, Taiwan will rapidly expand procurement of American goods. Over the past five years, rising demand for semiconductors and AI-related components has increased our trade surplus. In response to these market trends, Taiwan will seek to narrow the trade imbalance through the procurement of energy, agriculture and other industrial goods from the US. These efforts will create thousands of new jobs across multiple sectors.  We’ll also pursue additional arms procurements that are vital to our self-defense and contribute to peace and stability over the Taiwan Strait. During President Trump’s first term, we secured $18 billion in arms deals, including advanced fighter jets, tanks and anti-ship missiles. Future purchases, which are not reflected in trade balances, build on our economic and security partnership while being essential to Taiwan’s “Peace Through Strength” approach. Third, new investments will be made across the US. Already, Taiwanese firms support 400,000 jobs throughout all 50 states. Beyond TSMC, we also see emerging opportunities in electronics, ICT, energy and petrochemicals. We will establish a cross-agency “US Investment Team” to support bilateral trade and investment – and we hope that efforts will be reciprocated by the Trump administration. Fourth, we are committed to removing non-tariff trade barriers. Taiwan will take concrete steps to resolve persistent issues that have long impeded trade negotiations. And finally, we will strongly address US concerns over export controls and improper transshipment of low-cost goods through Taiwan. These steps form the basis of a comprehensive roadmap for how Taiwan will navigate the shifting trade landscape, transforming challenges in the Taiwan-US economic relationship into new opportunities for growth, resilience and strategic alignment. At a time of growing global uncertainty, underpinned by growing Chinese assertiveness, closer trade ties are more than sound economics; they are a critical pillar of regional security. Our approach is long-term and principled, grounded in a lasting commitment to our friendship with the US, a firm belief in the benefits of fair and reciprocal trade, and an unwavering dedication to peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait. We are confident that our shared economic and security interests will not only overcome turbulence in the international trade environment – they will define the future of a free and open Indo-Pacific.

In a recent interview via videoconference with The New York Times for its DealBook Summit, President Lai Ching-te responded to questions from host Andrew Ross Sorkin on topics including Taiwan’s national defense, cross-strait relations, Taiwan-US relations, the Russia-Ukraine war, and the semiconductor industry. The interview was broadcast in the early morning of December 4. The DealBook Summit is a major annual event held by The New York Times aimed at facilitating dialogue among leaders from various sectors and sharing their insights and analyses on international affairs. This year’s summit was held on December 3 (US EST) in New York, and included such speakers as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, United States Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, California Governor Gavin Newsom, Palantir CEO Alex Karp, and Turning Point USA CEO and Chair of the Board Erika Kirk. The following is the full text of the interview: Q: Here’s where I want to start the conversation. You’ve just announced this past week that you’re introducing a US$40 billion special budget for military spending to buy more weapons from the US to try to deter China from invading Taiwan. What indicators, and perhaps new indicators, are you looking at that shows an increased threat to Taiwan? President Lai: We can see that China’s military drills targeted at Taiwan are becoming increasingly frequent and intense. They have even moved beyond the first island chain into the second, affecting the wider Indo-Pacific region. At the same time, China’s united front influence campaigns against Taiwan are also becoming more serious. In order to safeguard national security and fulfill our responsibility to maintain peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, we have announced this special defense budget. We believe that peace is priceless, and war has no winners. While we aspire to peace, we cannot harbor illusions about it. Peace must be secured through strength. This is why we are increasing our defense budget and strengthening our national defense capabilities, while also cutting back our economic dependence on China. This includes improving our economic resilience. In 2010, 83.8 percent of Taiwan’s outbound investment went to China; last year, that figure had dropped to around 7 percent. We are also working side-by-side with other democracies to reinforce deterrence. Robust preparations are the best way to avoid war and achieve peace. Q: Let me ask you this: President Xi has said that his goal for China’s military is to be capable of taking Taiwan by force by 2027. You said that Beijing is accelerating these preparations for an attempted invasion. So what do you think China’s timeline is now? President Lai: We must ensure the best possible preparations for the worst-case scenarios. Whatever timeline the PLA may have, Taiwan’s fundamental principle is that we must be ready first – this is our basic principle. I also want to use this opportunity to reiterate to the international community that Taiwan will do everything necessary to protect itself and to safeguard regional peace and stability. We are grateful to the international community, including the G7, the president of the United States, Japan’s political leaders, and many others for their interest in cross-strait peace and emphasizing that stability in the Taiwan Strait is essential to global security and prosperity. Their shared position greatly contributes to stability in Taiwan and peace in the region. We hope Taiwan can continue working with the international community to uphold the rules-based international order. Q: Well, let me ask you about that because, Mr. President, last week you said the relationship between Taiwan and the US is rock-solid. How confident are you that the United States, and in particular President Trump, would come to the aid of Taiwan if China were to invade? President Lai: Although Taiwan and the United States do not have official diplomatic relations, Taiwan is deeply grateful to the US Congress for passing the Taiwan Relations Act and to President Ronald Reagan for the Six Assurances. For decades, successive US administrations and both parties in Congress have strongly supported Taiwan based on this foundation. Our relationship truly is rock-solid. Since President Trump took office, cooperation with Taiwan has not only continued but even expanded. We look forward to working with the United States through tariff negotiations – not only to help address their trade deficit, but also to deepen bilateral economic relations and strengthen our friendship. Q: We’ve all been watching what’s been happening play out in Ukraine between Ukraine and Russia. And there have been questions inside Ukraine about the support that the United States has provided or not in terms of how this ultimately gets settled. How do you view what’s happening in Ukraine right now and the role that the US is playing there? President Lai: Taiwan stands with the people of Ukraine. We hope this irrational and illegitimate war will be over as soon as possible so that the Ukrainian people will no longer have to suffer. However, in ending this war, we also hope that Ukraine’s national dignity and the well-being of its people will be respected, and future conflict will be prevented. Q: You talked about trade earlier. When you talk about the relationship between the US and Taiwan, one of the reasons that Taiwan is so valuable, such a strategic asset – and President Trump talks about it this way about Taiwan – is because of semiconductors. And one of the things that he says is that he hopes that the US is going to be manufacturing 40 to 50 percent of all semiconductors in the next couple of years with your help. Does that make Taiwan more valuable ultimately to the US or do you worry at all that it makes it less valuable to the US? President Lai: Taiwan’s semiconductor industry plays a crucial role, especially as we enter the future AI era. But I want to emphasize, with humility, that Taiwan’s semiconductor sector is a global asset. The industry functions as an ecosystem: the US excels in R&D, design, and has the world’s largest market; Japan provides materials and equipment; the Netherlands makes advanced lithography systems; Taiwan specializes in logic chip manufacturing; and Korea leads in flash memory chips. In other words, semiconductors are a global ecosystem – it requires worldwide cooperation to be effective. This is why our government supports TSMC and other Taiwanese semiconductor firms as they invest in the US, Japan, Europe, or wherever they believe is needed. This contributes to global progress and prosperity. As a result, we remain supportive as President Trump seeks investments from Taiwanese semiconductor companies and suppliers in the US. We hope Taiwan can support the reindustrialization of the US. President Trump wants the US to become the world center for AI, and we are willing to assist in this. As I said earlier, we hope Taiwan-US tariff negotiations will not only help reduce the US trade deficit, but also deepen bilateral economic cooperation, further integrate Taiwan’s industries with the American economic structure, and strengthen the Taiwan-US relationship. This will contribute to global prosperity and development. Q: Do you think that President Trump’s timeline, this idea that 40 to 50 percent of all semiconductors could be manufactured in the United States in the next two or three years, is realistic? President Lai: We understand President Trump’s sense of urgency; he wants the United States to maintain an edge in global competition. Whether this target of 40 to 50 percent can be achieved within this timeframe depends not only on Taiwan’s support but also on the US government’s ability to facilitate land acquisition, water and electricity supply, workforce and talent development, and investment incentives. If the US government manages to do this well and effectively, then this goal becomes much more achievable. Q: There’s a big debate in the United States right now about whether companies like Nvidia should be allowed to sell their most advanced chips to China. And there has not been a real answer yet here in the US. I’m curious what you think about that. Do you think that the most advanced chips should be allowed to be exported to China? President Lai: As Taiwan’s president, it would not be appropriate for me to comment on US domestic policy. But I can share an experience: Around the year 2000, Taiwan faced a similar debate about whether our advanced chip manufacturing capabilities should move to mainland China. There was an extensive and thorough discussion across society and among different political parties. The consensus was that it would be unwise and should not happen. Looking back, that decision was correct. Had Taiwan allowed its most advanced manufacturing to relocate to China, Taiwan would not be what it is today. Q: Final question for you. Your economy is red hot right now, in large part because of the AI boom. It’s a two-part question. I wonder whether you’re worried about an AI boom being an AI bubble. And I’m also curious how you think about the Chinese economy today and how that relates to how President Xi even views Taiwan, and when and if it would consider either invading or, through using the gray zone, trying to effectively cut off or control Taiwan. President Lai: There are many different views in the tech and economic communities. Some say AI could become a bubble; others say it may not. As a political leader, I believe the AI era will bring greater convenience to people’s lives, stimulate economic development, and contribute to global prosperity. That is why we must take steps to prevent AI from becoming a bubble. In other words, leaders around the world – especially those from countries with AI-related industries – should work together and take necessary measures to ensure AI develops sustainably and has a soft landing, so that it can drive long-term global growth. China’s economy is indeed struggling. Taiwan’s growth rate this year is projected to reach 7.37 percent, while international financial institutions estimate China’s growth to be only a little above 4 percent. We sincerely hope that as China faces economic pressures, President Xi Jinping will focus not on territorial expansion but on improving the well-being of the Chinese people. Taiwan is willing to help and to cooperate in addressing these economic challenges.